@article{oai:tmdu.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000454,
 author = {Takenouchi, Akane and Sunaga, Masayo and Ohara, Yuki and Matsukubo, Takashi and Kinoshita, Atsuhiro and Kinoshita, Atsuhiro},
 issue = {3},
 journal = {Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences},
 month = {Sep},
 note = {Purpose: To develop and evaluate the effects of an English learning system using smartphones in Japanese dental hygiene education.
Methods: Forty-three third-year undergraduate university dental hygiene students took a preliminary examination and then were randomly divided into two groups, Group I or II, according to their results to make the English level of each group approximately equal. Group I took examination A as a pre-examination and examination B as a post-examination. Group II took examination B as a pre-examination and examination A as a post-examination. Each examination was composed of dental terminology and speaking sections. All participants studied English learning materials via a learning management system, which included a series of four subtopics related to dental caries prevention, as re- and self-learning.
Results: In the terminology section, both groups showed significantly higher post-examination scores than pre-examination scores, regardless of which examination (A or B) was taken as the pre-examination (Group I: p < 0.0001, Group II: p =0.0025).
Conclusions: The English learning system using smartphones developed in this study effectively increased participants’ dental English vocabulary. English speaking skills showed no improvement and another learning style should be evaluated in a future study.},
 pages = {51--58},
 volume = {66},
 year = {2019}
}